Primary Synovial Chondromatosis of the Elbow

Abstract

We present a rare case of primary synovial chondromatosis of the elbow joint as well as a review of the literature and discuss the clinical, imaging, histological findings and clinical outcome of this condition. It is a benign condition characterized by nodular proliferation and metaplasia of the synovium. Histology findings however suggest that the condition is not solely a metaplasia as the cartilage is often very cellular and could be interpreted as a neoplastic process. This may explain in rare cases the incidence of recurrences and malignant transformation of this condition. Awareness of the atypical histology is paramount and therefore referral to a tertiary oncology centre is mandatory. An experienced pathologist is crucial for the correct diagnosis, prognosis and management of this condition.