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The Potential Anti-Psoriatic Effects of Jojoba Extract

Nader Pazyar, Reza Yaghoobi

Nader Pazyar, Department of Dermatopathology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Reza Yaghoobi, Department of Dermatopathology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Correspondence to: Nader Pazyar, Department of Dermatopathology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Email: dr.pazyar@gmail.com
Telephone: +00989188617133
Received: January 6, 2016
Revised: February 12, 2016
Accepted: February 17, 2016
Published online: April 23, 2016

ABSTRACT

Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting 2-3% of the worldwide population. This disease has been recognized to be mediated by immune alterations. Jojoba liquid waxes possess anti-inflammatory properties. Accordingly, they are capable to diminish neutrophil infiltration, as indicated by decreasing myeloperoxidase activity, and also decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production. It is proposed that jojoba extract may be a useful addition to anti-psoriatic weaponry.

© 2016 The Author. Published by ACT Publishing Group Ltd.

Key words: Jojoba; Jojoba Liquid Waxes; Psoriasis

Pazyar N, Yaghoobi R. The Potential Anti-Psoriatic Effects of Jojoba Extract. Journal of Dermatological Research 2016; 1(1): 14-15 Available from: URL: http://www.ghrnet.org/index.php/jdr/article/view/1560

REVIEW

Psoriasis is a chronic, cutaneous-articular disease affecting 2-3% of the worldwide population[1,2]. This inflammatory disease is usually involves extensor surfaces and scalp and is now recognized to be mediated in part by immune alterations[3,4]. Psoriatic plaques are histologically described by typical patterns of abnormal epidermal hyperplasia and differentiation[4]. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is the most pivotal inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Importantly, this biologic marker has been shown to induce anti-apoptotic proteins in psoriatic lesions[5, 6]. It has been documented that expression of adhesion molecules increased in psoriasis and it allows the leukocytes infiltration into the lesions. Notably, chronic lesions of psoriasis vulgaris contain prominent neutrophil accumulations[7]. In the other words, the appearance of mononuclear leucocytes in the papillary dermis and neutrophils in the stratum corneum are defining features of psoriasis pathophysiology[8]. It has been found that increased production of nitric oxide (NO) might play a part in the development of psoriasis[9]. Interestingly, nitric oxide production is ~10-fold higher in nonlesional skin of psoriatics and ~10-fold higher again in the plaques themselves[7].

Herbal remedies have been used effectively in skin disorders for thousands of years in Europe and Asia[10]. Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a drought resistant and long-lived plant. It is a nontraditional crop[11] native to the semiarid regions of Southern Arizona, Southern California, and Northwestern Mexico[12] (Figure1[13]). The jojoba plant produces esters of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids[14]. This is in contrast to the triglycerides found in seeds of other plants[15]. Jojoba oil, a liquid unsaturated wax composed of esters of long carbon chain fatty acids (C20 to C22) and long carbon chains unsaturated alcohols (C20, C22 )[9]. Jojoba oil is used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical, dietetic food, animal feeding, lubrication, polishing and bio-diesel fields[16]. Wax esters are neutral lipids which composed mainly of aliphatic alcohols and acids, with both moieties usually long-chain (C (16) and C (18)) or very-long-chain (C(20) and longer) carbon structures[17]. Jojoba liquid waxes (JLW) have been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Habashi et al. demonstrated the effectiveness of jojoba liquid wax in combating inflammation in several experimental animal models[18]. Notably, they reported that JLW is capable to diminish neutrophil infiltration, as indicated by decreasing myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and also decrease tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) production[18].

In short, given the inhibitory properties of jojoba extract on TNF-α, neutrophil infiltration and NO, it could be reasoned that jojoba extract might be a useful addition to anti-psoriatic weaponry. Importantly, jojoba as a dermal permeation enhancer[19] might potentiate anti psoriatic effects of topical steroids. Additionally, as JLW stimulates collagen I synthesis in fibroblasts[20], its concomitant use with steroids might prevent steroid-induced cutaneous atrophy. Finally, jojoba esters are able to potentiate skin hydration; hence, its topical application could be beneficial in psoriatic patients[21]. Our commentary encourages the conduction of clinical trials on this subject.

CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

The authors declare that they do not have conflict of interests.

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