Seasonal variations in outdoor activities in adults with spasticity

Abstract

Background: Spasticity can worsen in winter and result in additional functional impairment. Objective: This study examined the perceived differences in, and barriers to duration and types of outdoor activities performed in winter and summer in adults with spasticity. Methods: Thirty adults with spasticity completed a phone questionnaire, which explored the types and durations of outdoor activities between summer and winter. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Time spent outdoors was four times greater in summer (p<0.01) with participants reporting spending an average of 227 minutes/day, compared to 62 minutes/day in winter. Duration of life-enhancing activities in winter was reduced. The amount of time spent outdoors in winter was negatively correlated with upper extremity spasticity (r=-0.39, p<0.05). Furthermore, social, structural, and service barriers reduced the duration of outdoor activities regardless of season. Conclusions: Particular emphasis should be placed on management of spasticity, education, and advocacy for individuals with spasticity to enhance outdoor activity engagement during the winter.