Immune Pathogenesis of Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Group A β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS)

Abstract

Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A b-hemolytic streptococcal infections or PANDAS, is a well characterized autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system producing childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder and tic disorders, and a spectrum of psychiatric comorbidity accompanying exacerbations. Recent advances in the understanding of the postulated pathophysiology had led to effective interventions with immune modulatory therapy. This article reviews the current understanding, diagnosis and management of PANDAS.