The Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis E Virus: A Peek behind the Liver

Mohammad K. Parvez, Syed N. Kazim

Abstract


Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is inherently a hepatotropic virus that causes acute hepatitis E in general, and chronic liver diseases in some individuals. Notably, pregnancy related complications remain a serious issue in a proportion of HEV infected females. In addition, ample of clinical studies have also reported neuronal, intestinal, renal, cardiac, hematological, and pancreatic disorders in hepatitis E patients. The existing literature on extrahepatic manifestations in hepatitis E patients is, however, mainly based on case reports, small case series or observational studies. The extrahepatic infections or pathogenesis of HEV are suggested to be either directly by viral factors or indirectly by modulation of host-immune systems.

Keywords


Hepatitis E virus; HEV genotypes; Chronic hepatitis; Extrahepatic manifestations

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